Positioning of the Candidate

I chose this topic because personally, anything that is related to public image really catches my attention. Within the political marketing this topic is highly relevant, since it is part of the strategies to help reach the goal that the field of politics has, which is to gain power, and through this strategy they can build a viable and likely to achieve the goal.

The political marketing is the process that clears the way for a candidate to help him achieve any goals. If the strategic effort is not based on ethical values​​, actions will be invariably perverse content, resulting in the candidate's image and positioning distort a negative political marketing . For example, an error that marketers commonly fall is to want to compare one candidate with a product. The irrationality is one of the greatest threats to marketing. Similarly, marketing should only be taken as a means but never as an end, never to be replaced politicians by actors.

The new possibilities of visual approach generate a relationship between politicians and their constituents. TV cameras allow leaders be discover in their daily lives. The E-leader needs an organization with a program or possess a moderate knowledge of the topics under discussion. You just have to be pretty spectacular and generate symbolic gestures.

At other times, politics were the ideas. Today is the people or rather the characters. The direct consequence of this embodiment would be the creation of a "state-show".In the twentieth century it develops a radical intensification of political personalization. This hiperpersonalizacion is favored by the characteristics of the communication media. The presence of personalization is encouraged and sought by most citizens.

The comparative advantages are the levers from which a candidate or party can dump votes in his favor. These advantages may be personal characteristics of a candidate, Political characteristics, individual image, government proposals a party history. These advantages are having a candidate to allow differentiated positively to the electorate.

The proposals contribute to the positioning of a candidate. Proposals convey the feeling that the one who is applying for a position, knows what is talking about and they can control crisis situations that are presented to any government. But not everything is given, the public certainly much before consuming something, but now that voters are not interested in politics, because nobody is going to read a 200-page tome full of good intentions and principles. The decision passed by the image that each candidate is formed.

One of the characteristics of the electorate is deregulated pay attention to a few weeks before an election, however the installation of an image of a candidate should appear some time before, according to what you want to apply. But the main set point is not to saturate the electorate, by these public appearances should have peaks of intensity.

From this point of view, if a politician had a bad performance has to be willing to lose the support even of the voters who supported him. In turn, if a leader did well, they may receive votes from those who never would have voted. Most of the time, the debate raging between politicians, make the electorate rejected in less politicized.

México Reprueba el Espionaje

Las revelaciones sobre el espionaje de la Agencia Nacional de Seguridad de EE.UU., hechas por el ex empleado de la CIA Edward Snowden, han sido un 'shock' para la comunidad internacional. El autor de las filtraciones sobre la vigilancia de Washington contra su propio pueblo ha sido tachado de "traidor" en Estados Unidos. Tras pasar más de un mes en un aeropuerto de Moscú, el ex empleado de la CIA ha recibido asilo temporal de un año en Rusia.

La Agencia Nacional de Seguridad de EU (NSA, por sus siglas en inglés) espió directamente a la presidenta de Brasil, Dilma Rousseff, y al de México, Enrique Peña Nieto, según documentos de Edward Snowden. En el caso de México y de Peña Nieto, el espionaje electrónico se hizo en la época en que era candidato a la presidencia, continuó después de que ganó las elecciones de 2012 y permitió a la NSA saber los nombres de algunos ministros con anterioridad a su nombramiento oficial.

Ante esta situación el presidente mexicano había anunciado durante su viaje a San Petersburgo que buscaría un encuentro "casual o formal" con Obama en la cumbre para plantearle su rechazo a las prácticas de espionaje estadounidenses. Peña Nieto agregó que "de haber existido este espionaje, en conductas o en formas que no estén apegadas a derecho, evidentemente, México las reprueba, las condena y demanda que haya un deslinde de responsabilidades y una investigación".  Por lo tanto se puede observar que la postura del presidente Peña Nieto  es una forma de defensa personal;  ya que no le conviene que cierta información sea ventilada, pues su imagen se podría dañar más de lo que ya esta, también perdería credibilidad ante las personas que lo siguen y confían en él.

 También como parte de su estrategia, busca mantener una relación  estable con Estados Unidos; por lo que Peña Nieto aseguró que “en este momento no hay condición que altere el clima de respeto y de cordialidad que hemos establecido con el gobierno de Estados Unidos”, pese a que recientemente se ha documentado que la Unión Americana espió a mexicano; pues no le conviene perder relación con el gobierno estadounidense, pues sabe que no es bueno tenerlo como enemigo, por lo mismo prefiere hacer como que no hay las suficientes pruebas para actuar; y si existieran dichas pruebas, Peña Nieto aseguró que se tomaría carta en el asunto, mostrando con esto su autoridad y el compromiso que tiene de hacer cumplir las leyes; así como el apoyo que tiene de distintas áreas como la Procuraduría General de la República y el subsecretario de Normatividad de Medios.

En comparación con otros países latinoamericanos que fueron  espiados por Estados Unidos ya emprendieron acciones enérgicas y protestas formales , y México, sin embargo, no se ha quejado y su reacción ha sido la más tibia de todo el continente.

Democratic Strategy

Within the democratic campaign was launched the "Operation Vote," an effort to expand the electorate and maximize the participation of what they called "key constituents." These include, African Americans, women, youth, Latinos, gays, veterans and Asians. The idea was to communicate and encourage the participation of these groups in their communities and neighborhoods, through various strategies, such as one on one conversations grassroots on issues such as jobs, health and education.

Especially in key states like Florida, New Mexico, Colorado, Nevada and California, the network of "Obama for America" was deployed tackles through phone banks in Spanish, and meetings with local leaders Latinos, bilingual volunteers deploying, maintaining presence in local Hispanic events and doing activities in both languages, to encourage voter participation and enroll citizens.

For example, President Obama met with Univision and highlighted some of the changes that have been made on the issue of immigration. These are some of the strategies implemented:

Evaluation of deportations: the federal government announced that it would assess hundreds of thousands of deportation cases to determine which undocumented immigrants could continue to live in the country. The idea is to separate with good records undocumented immigrants in the United States to focus resources on deporting undocumented immigrants with criminal records. In cities like Denver and Baltimore immigration authorities have put a lot of time to determine who should focus.

Mexican consulates Travel: The Obama administration proposed a change to the process of obtaining a green card that allows some undocumented immigrants married Americans, or Americans who are children, return to their home countries for a much shorter time than usual . As part of the bureaucratic process today must wait in their home countries for several months. The change would reduce the waiting time just a few days or weeks and aims to prevent prolonged separation of families.

Lawsuits against states with anti-immigrant laws: The federal government, through the Department of Justice has filed several lawsuits against anti-immigrant laws that have passed several states, including Alabama, South Carolina and Utah. The Supreme Court of the nation this year will evaluate the merits of the claim that the federal government filed against the Arizona law. The result could have consequences for the future of all anti-immigrant laws passed by the states.

Obama took out the strategy in which they used direct clips of what was said in Republican debates, and not commented on them; just put it in ads on Univision and Telemundo and let Latinos decide.

All this was very good for President Obama, but not for the 11 million undocumented workers and their families who continue to live in limbo because politicians in Washington DC know they can break their promises and win their votes anyway. Because it is unclear whether these strategies will truly have an impact on the Latino electorate. Maybe it's too late given the record of deportations under the Obama administration and the unfulfilled promises of immigration reform.

El Ping Pong de las Responsabilidades

El pasado 15 y 16 de septiembre el estado de Guerrero sufrió daños ocasionados por la tormenta tropical "Ingrid" y "Manuel". Afectó 56 municipios de la entidad, es decir 50% del territorio estatal, la situación en éste es sumamente crítica. Pero ante toda esta situación la Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos inició una queja de oficio ante posibles irregularidades cometidas por autoridades de Guerrero antes, durante y después de las lluvias. El organismo investigará si hubo la correcta aplicación de la medidas de protección civil, así como una actuación deficiente de los servidores públicos encargados de atender a los habitantes de los municipios afectados.

Al darse a conocer esta investigación el gobernador Ángel Aguirre consideró que las autoridades estatales cumplieron oportunamente con las medidas de prevención de desastres por la tormenta; después de que el gobierno federal se deslindó de la tragedia al argumentar que actuaron de manera oportuna; ante este argumento el gobernador Aguirre mencionó que las autoridades correspondientes a la investigación serán las que digan quién dice la verdad y quién no.

El titular de la Unidad de Protección Civil de la Secretaría de Gobernación, Luis Felipe Puente, dijo que los estados y municipios deberán responder por la aplicación de las medidas de prevención, ya que los alertamientos y los avisos se dieron a tiempo, ya que no solamente fue la aplicación de alertamientos, sino que también se habló con todos y cada uno de los titulares de Protección Civil de las entidades que podían verse afectadas. Por lo que el gobernador Aguirre señaló que el gobierno federal no advirtió lo suficiente, en el sentido de que iban a juntarse los dos fenómenos meteorológicos, el huracán Ingrid y la tormenta tropical Manuel.

Al analizar esta situación se puede observar como la actuación del gobierno tanto federal como estatal, no nada mas de Guerrero sino de los demás estados afectados, sigue dejando mucho que desear y nos demuestra que para repartir culpas y lavarse las manos son unos expertos en la materia. Pues en vez de actuar y  buscar un forma de solucionar conjuntamente el problema, se preocupan mas por buscar la forma de que su imagen no se vea afectada y no quedar como los malos de la historia defendiendo su supuesta credibilidad, y de este forma seguir manteniendo el poder que tienen tratando de quedar bien con la gente afectada . Y la verdad tanto el gobierno federal como el estatal subestimaron el efecto que podían ocasionar las dos tormentas, pues ambos se enfocaron en dar mayor importancia y atención a otras situaciones. En vez de buscar quien es el culpable, deberían de asumir sus responsabilidades y ver la forma de que en un futuro este tipo de situaciones puedan prevenirse, pues sus descuidos perjudican a miles de personas.

Cultural Difference between Mexico and Canada

Regarding politics both Canada and Mexico are federations, but Mexico is a federal presidential republic of 31 independent states and one federal district while Canada is a parliamentary democracy with 10 provinces and 3 territories. Finally, Canada is a wealthy, resource-rich country ranking as the 14th largest economy in the world while Mexico is an emerging market. Although Mexico and Canada are physically close, Mexico is simply a different country than her northern neighbor. Mexico has a different history and thus a different culture and ways of doing and looking at things. Many people have assumed that things are the same "south of the border", with sometimes serious consequences. The Mexican, his beliefs, expectations and codes of personal and social conduct are so different as to be from a different world. 

The major cultural Aspects are described in the following comparison, which provides a summary of major differences; for example the aspect related to family, in Mexico family is the first priority and in Canada is usually second to work. So this difference may be an important factor at the moment to make the political strategy, because in Mexico the strategy may be focused on the family, making this aspect the most benefited and protected. In contrast, in Canada would be totally different, because the strategy would be focus on the job, giving a greater importance.

The religion is other aspect that can be very important in this comparison between Mexico and Canada, because in both countries this aspect is something that has a great influence on people. In Mexico most of the country is catholic, and in which they have a outlook: "As God wills"; so this way of thinking can help the candidate to attract people making strategies that do not go against  with their beliefs. In Canada the difference is that there a mix of religions, so in this case the strategy of the candidate can be more complicated because you need to understand different ways to think and try to convince them, respecting the different religious customs.
Nationalism is a topic that has influence on peoples, so if a candidate want to attract voters they need to focus is this aspect. In Mexico the people is very nationalistic, proud of its long history and traditions; if the candidate includes this in their speeches, may be a good strategy to win the preference of people. But in Canada maybe this can not work, because the people is less patriotic, they often has more "World View".

In this comparison, the aspect of ethics does´t have the same way of view because in Canada the truth, for example, is seen as absolute value, son the candidate he candidate must be sincere at the moment of promising, so his words can be credible and in this way they  gain the trust of people. In Mexico this is very different because truth is a relative concept, so in this case the political candidate is not worry to comply with his promises.

In general I think Mexico and Canada have to many differences, above all in the way of think and see the things; because I think Canada is more conservative, and because of the  education they have, and its customs they believe in their political aspect, because they are not easy to fool. And in Mexico I think this is totally different, the people don´t believe in anything that is related with politics, because the credibility is lost; and I think in Mexico the people is more easy to convince if the candidate takes in consideration the aspects I talk at the beginning. 

¿Por qué los ciudadanos votaron por Peña Nieto?

Las causas por las que se votó a favor de Peña Nieto son diversas y cada una de ellas fueron fundamentales para su triunfo; pero una de las causas que tuvieron más fuerza fueron los trucos de mercadotecnia utilizados durante la campaña, los cuales lograron crear un candidato con imagen de presidente y a la vez cercano a la gente.Por ejemplo, los spots de Peña Nieto muestran a un tipo con las mangas de la camisa arremangadas (símbolo de mercadotecnia de que alguien trabaja), que platica con gente en sus puestos de comercio informal en Oaxaca. Peña Nieto explota ese esfuerzo y necesidad del mexicano por el trabajo, aunque sea informal y aunque sea mal pagado; por lo que trabajo que haya, de lo que sea, pero que haya. De esta forma emocional el actual presidente logro llegar y convencer a las personas, haciéndolas pensar y sentir que el entendía cada uno de sus problemas como si fuera uno de ellos. También los espectaculares en las calles y paradas de autobús fueron esenciales para favorecer la imagen de Peña Nieto.

Gran parte de las personas que votaron por Peña Nieto fueron mujeres, la cuales se dejaron llevar por el aspecto físico del candidato; mientras que el 48 por ciento de los votantes con educación básica beneficiaron a Peña Nieto, es decir los mexicanos con primaria y secundaria decidieron el rumbo del país para el próximo sexenio. También las comunidades rurales fueron fundamentales y su porcentaje fue mayor al de los urbanos que votaron por Peña Nieto. La mayor parte de estas personas votaron por él porque siempre votan por el PRI y porque creen que Peña Nieto siempre ayuda a la gente; pero de igual forma parte de este triunfo fue gracias a las personas que lo decidieron el mismo día de las elecciones.

Las personas que trabajan para el partido y para el gobierno del Estado son actores importantes para expandir las ideas de los líderes políticos. Le llaman rumor o chisme a toda idea, ya sea buena o mala, que se pretende que llegue a la población; y que gracias a ese simple rumor fue posible e inevitable lograr el triunfo de Enrique Peña Nieto. No es necesario que el rumor sea divulgado en voz del candidato o de su equipo, pues es mejor que circule hacia todos lados para establecerse como una realidad incuestionable. Por lo que si los medios de comunicación masiva como Televisa jugaron un papel importante, los medios de comunicación local jugaron un papel igual de importante pero ignorado, ya que los medios de comunicación con verdadera responsabilidad ética antes de competir contra las televisoras mejor se expanden a los medios alternativos locales.Por ejemplo la información escrita disponible es todavía más arbitraria que la disponible por televisión, personas que aún dan más valor al texto que a la imagen pueden ser fácilmente  de influenciar por el tipo de coberturas que hacen los periódicos locales.

Otro factor determinante en el resultado electoral fue el voto de castigo en contra del gobierno panista; ya que muchos de los ciudadanos no quedaron satisfechos con las actividades que se llevaron a cabo durante el gobierno anterior, por lo tanto las personas ya no tenían confianza en la credibilidad de este partido.

Es muy importante considerar las diversas condiciones que llevaron a una persona a votar por Peña Nieto, pues no podemos menospreciar las razones por las que los ciudadanos votaron por él; pues somos un país que tiene una gran variedad de necesidades y por lo tanto cada ciudadano va a buscar satisfacerlas decidiéndose por la opción que mas le convenga.

Indigenous Participation

The indigenous population in Latin America has been excluded from the economic, social and political process, although the Indians represent in many countries in the region the major part of the population. The consequences of this exclusion is expressed, among other things, in the socio-economic situation of indigenous people. Unfortunately, being indigenous in Latin America means to be poor. The indigenous population is affected by poverty and extreme poverty. To ensure the stability of democracy, it is essential that  all sectors of society are adequately represented. Exclusion means a risk to democracy because it leads to a questioning of the system by those who do not feel integrated.

Currently, there is a strong interest in the States and in the international community to discuss the recognition of human rights of Indigenous People. This is motivated, perhaps because they are identified as minority groups.The last decades have witnessed major changes in the role of indigenous peoples in the political life of several Latin American countries. After so long of exclusion and marginalization of indigenous national policy, new types of indigenous social movements emerged.These movements demanding greater recognition of human rights and cultural rights of indigenous people, and a more active participation in the development area and other processes of public decision making.Despite the emergence of these new indigenous movements and their success in attracting national and international attention on their political, socio-economic and cultural situation, indigenous people still face significant challenges. These challenges include finding ways to reduce high levels of poverty and inequality, implementing national laws and international agreements that recognize greater participation in decision making processes at local and national levels. So to face these fundamental challenges is necessary to understand the role that indigenous movements are underway as key players in regional politics, national and local.

In any election the most important thing for the candidates is to get votes to win, being those votes product of the great campaigns made ​​by the political parties with certain groups of the population, in which some are indigenous communities. Therefore, it can be said that the participation of indigenous communities is very important because it favors, first,  a particular candidate or political party, and on the other hand favor choosing their own community who most suits them.

No doubt, that each of the many cultures in our country provides different solutions to the various problems of the nation. With this we may be in a position to be more democratic or taking steps forward in building a democracy that recognizes cultural diversity. If the countries of the world, or, if the Mexican nation does not accept its indigenous people fully, if each of its officers, citizens and their families do not recognize indigenous people in every moment of our life as Mexicans, we can´t solve the problems which we live.